| | | Arab and Muslim empires timeline | Timeline of historical events, from all periods, with links at a click to search results in sites selected by you. |  |
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| 634 |
| | | Within two years of the death of Muhammad, the Arabs surge north into the Syrian desert | |
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| 637 |
| | | The Arabs defeat a Persian army at Kadisiya and then sack the city of Ctesiphon, effectively bringing to an end the Sassanian dynasty | |
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| 638 |
| | | The Arab capture of Jerusalem brings Palestine and Syria under Muslim control | |
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| 642 |
| | | The unopposed capture of Alexandria by the Arabs completes the Muslim conquest of Egypt | |
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| 643 |
| | | The Coptic Christians of Egypt become isolated after the Muslim conquest | |
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| 644 |
| | | After the assassination of Omar, Othman is elected as the third Muslim caliph | |
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